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The objective of this research is to describe and compare three different methods of generating 'persona for lighting' to envision users' behaviour within the lighting environment. 'Personas' are used to represent typical users, highlighting their needs, perspectives, and expectations to aid user-centric design approaches. The researchers looked for the most useful method of shaping 'personas for lighting' to learn about users' satisfaction with the various lighting conditions to identify their needs.Method one of lighting persona development, was based on interviews with 87 users of five buildings of four different types: an office, a primary school, two university buildings, and a factory. The lighting conditions were observed and measured in all the buildings. As a result, 22 personas for lighting were created. In method two personas were generated based on pre-interviews, workshops on lighting and post-interviews with ten users along with the onsite lighting measurements. Later, due to the Covid-19 pandemic's lockdowns, an online survey on the visual lighting environment in home offices was car-ried out among 694 students and professionals from seven countries to create two more personas for lighting (method three).All 26 'personas for lighting' were generated in relation to observed lighting conditions, based on the satisfaction, preferences and needs of the users working within variously lit indoor environments. All the tested methods can be used for nearly any type of building and room, but the resulting personas are different due to the specific limitations of the methods.The created personas may help to identify future users' lighting preferences, needs and requirements and assist designers. However, to fully understand their impact on the lighting research practice they should be tested in real projects. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the third global crisis after two epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndromes. It has affected general public besides health care systems and governments. Confinements and lock downs have changed waking up time and going to bed time, ultimately affecting circadian clocks that can disturb sleep quality which can lead to anxiety, stress, and depression. This puts the most susceptible group -young adults and females at risk of psychological disorders and even inflammatory events. Several kinds of sleep disorders due to COVID-19 including insomnia, sleep apnea, sleepiness during daytime, post-traumatic-like sleep dysfunction, abnormal dreams, and restless legs syndrome have been reported. As sleep deprivation can alter circadian clock and weaken immunity which makes human more susceptible to pulmonary inflammatory process of COVID-19 and even enhance its manifestations, it should be considered as an urgent complication that needs to be treated. Furthermore, longstanding effects of sleep disturbances during COVID-19 pandemic need to be elucidated © 2023 The Korean Society of Sleep Medicine
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The objective of this research is to describe and compare three different methods of generating ‘persona for lighting' to envision users' behaviour within the lighting environment. ‘Personas' are used to represent typical users, highlighting their needs, perspectives, and expectations to aid user-centric design approaches. The researchers looked for the most useful method of shaping ‘personas for lighting' to learn about users' satisfaction with the various lighting conditions to identify their needs. Method one of lighting persona development, was based on interviews with 87 users of five buildings of four different types: an office, a primary school, two university buildings, and a factory. The lighting conditions were observed and measured in all the buildings. As a result, 22 personas for lighting were created. In method two personas were generated based on pre-interviews, workshops on lighting and post-interviews with ten users along with the onsite lighting measurements. Later, due to the Covid-19 pandemic's lockdowns, an online survey on the visual lighting environment in home offices was carried out among 694 students and professionals from seven countries to create two more personas for lighting (method three). All 26 ‘personas for lighting' were generated in relation to observed lighting conditions, based on the satisfaction, preferences and needs of the users working within variously lit indoor environments. All the tested methods can be used for nearly any type of building and room, but the resulting personas are different due to the specific limitations of the methods. The created personas may help to identify future users' lighting preferences, needs and requirements and assist designers. However, to fully understand their impact on the lighting research practice they should be tested in real projects. © 2022 The Author(s)
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Development of a working prototype of an affordable mechanical ventilator is discussed in this paper. The device uses a bag valve mask and two pushing handles to compress it and force-feed the air into the patient's lungs. A stepper motor along with a reduction mechanism made up of belt drives and spur gears are used to drive the pushing handles. A flow sensor is used to measure the airflow enabling closed-loop control of the air volume supplied to patients based on their lung parameters, i.e., compliance, resistance. Two absolute barometric pressure sensors are used to measure and report the gauge pressure and trigger the alarm buzzer in the case of high respiratory pressures. The prototype is tested using a test lung and the test lung's parameters are estimated using the flow and pressure data logged by the onboard microcontroller. Estimated compliance is very close to the test lung's reported compliance but the resistance is higher and the reason seemed to be the tube used to connect the prototype to the test lung. © 2022 IEEE.
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Tele-nursing is an evolving subject and with the advent of new technologies, the scope of nurses' practice is expanding. As a systmetic review, in this study after reading the summary and full text of the articles related to the research topic, we extracted the required data, including author name, year, place, type of study, sampling method, data collection instruments and results. Finally, the data obtained from the articles was categorized and finally reported in the full text of a review article. The steps performed were designing the research question, searching and extracting research-related studies, selecting related studies, tabulating and summarizing the data, and reporting the results. The tele-nursing is a medical method to provide high quality nursing care in the field of COVID-19. Distance education by nurses is essential to promote the mental health of families and children in the field of Covid 19. Tele-nursing is a solution to meet the challenges of efficient and quality health services. © 2022 by SPC (Sami Publishing Company).
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Aims Understanding the knowledge, attitude, and practices of persons with disabilities about COVID-19 are essential for taking targeted prevention and control measures. This study aimed to explore the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices related to COVID-19 in persons with disabilities and identify obstacles and facilitators of promoting their knowledge, attitude, and practices. Instrument & Methods A mixed qualitative-quantitative study was conducted on 1067 Persons with disabilities in Iran in 2020. The researchers collected descriptive data using an online researcher-made questionnaire that included demographic and knowledge, attitude, and practices sections which its participants were selected randomly from all Persons with disabilities in Iran. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 and using the Kruskal–Wallis and one-way ANOVA tests. To identify facilitators and barriers to improving knowledge, attitude, and practices, semi-structured interviews were done with 31 participants who were selected using purposeful sampling. Data were analyzed by content analysis approach. Findings The mean±SD scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice of persons with disabilities were 17.7±0.5, 16.6±0.7, 16.9±0.9, respectively, which were good. One-hundred sixty-one codes were identified, which were categorized into three themes and nine sub-themes. The main facilitators of KAP improvement among study participants were educational content developed during the pandemic and their dissemination using social media, community participation, and the empowerment of PWDs. Weak governance was mentioned as an essential barrier for knowledge, attitude, and practices improvement. Conclusion Further interventions are needed to increase the knowledge and improving attitudes and practice of Persons with disabilities during the crisis. Among them, the following are in priority: strengthening the governance arrangement of rehabilitation;increasing community participation;providing support packages and their fair distribution;empowering Persons with disabilities;preparing infrastructures for telerehabilitation;public awareness and, if needed, informing health workers about the specific needs of persons with disabilities and how to treat them respectfully. Copyright © 2021, the Authors.
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Aims The hospital is the first center to fight the Covid-19. This study aimed to investigate the preparedness and resilience of hospitals in the South of Kerman province, Iran. Instrument & Methods This descriptive study was conducted on 77 members of the Crisis Committee in 7 hospitals in the south of Kerman province that was covered by Jiroft University of Medical Sciences from April 2020 to Mar 2021. The data collection tool was standard preparedness and resilience questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Chi-square using SPSS 25 software. Findings The most and lowest frequency of preparedness related to identifying and managing patients and facility communications by 54.9% and 1.2%. Overall, 43% of the preparedness was complete, 52% progressed, and 3% were not yet started. Also, the mean scores of resilience were 194.37±41.40, which was higher than average. The rate of the “Key vulnerabilities” component (70.47±16.68) in the resilience was higher than the other components. Finally, the Pearson correlation coefficient indicated no relation between preparedness and resilience (p>0.05). Conclusion Although hospital resilience was moderate, the hospital readiness was at a low level;thus, we should improve the health system to help to improve the continuing education program, psychological support, and planning and decision making to control the crisis of the covid-19 epidemic. Copyright © 2021, the Authors.
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This paper presents a circuit-level implemented algorithm for removing ambulatory ECG motion artifacts and baseline wander in the analog domain and real-time. The designed circuit is in response to the outpatient diagnosis and treatment needs especially required during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this approach, the R-peaks, as useful components of ECG signals, are detected by a band pass filter and excluded from the baseline wander detection path leading to SNR improvement of 9.82 dB. Thanks to switch capacitor biquad filter, integrator and double sampling sample and hold (S/H) circuits for realizing moving average, linear interpolation and delay chain circuits, this method can be implemented fully on-chip in the analog ECG sensor frontend. Therefore, power consumption and chip area are reduced drastically due to extra digital components elimination. The algorithm is realized in 0.18μm CMOS technology with 1.8 V power supply and 6.5 μW power consumption. © 2021 IEEE.
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Background: Fear, anxiety, and stress are natural reactions of the human body to unpredictable and potentially threatening conditions. Currently, individuals are encountering Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic;it is caused by a virulent, partially unknown pathogen with high transmissibility, recognized as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is conceivable to experience anxiety, stress, and subsequent mental health disorders during the pandemic. This narrative review provided a brief overview of mechanisms involved in COVID-19 and mental health disorders as well as the bidirectional association between them. Methods: Scientific electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched, based on different keywords in this study. Results: Lifestyle changes and isolation for breaking the chain of infection facilitate mental health disorders development more than before. Since the onset of the pandemic, the prevalence of mental health disorders has significantly increased. Moreover, studies suggested that the incidence of COVID-19 and the progression of the disease to a severe and life-threatening stage is higher in individuals with a history of mental health disorders. Inflammation is caused by, also may cause mental health disorders. Besides, COVID-19 is associated with cytokine storm and subsequent inflammation. Conclusion: There seems to be a bidirectional association between COVID-19 and mental health disorders, in which inflammation acts as an adaptor.
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Background: This study has been examined in order to examine the studies conducted on disease management in the field of coronavirus caused disease in the type of COVID-19 in the form of area review regarding the development of coronavirus caused disease as a significant challenge in the 21st century and the importance of managing and controlling this disease.